Which of these would be enabling activities in Porter's value chain analysis?

In Porter's value chain analysis, enabling activities are those that support and improve the primary activities of a business, ultimately contributing to competitive advantage. These enabling activities include functions that provide the necessary resources, infrastructure, and technological support for the primary activities to operate effectively.

Procurement and technology are categorized as enabling activities because procurement involves sourcing and purchasing the raw materials and services needed for the business operations, while technology refers to the methods and tools used to enhance productivity and manage processes. Together, they create a supportive framework that enables the primary activities of the value chain, such as operations and logistics, to function efficiently.

Enabling activities often include functions like human resource management, firm infrastructure, and research and development, as they provide the backbone necessary for the primary activities to succeed. By fostering these enabling functions, a company can enhance its overall competitiveness and position in the marketplace.