What term describes an event that triggers a process to occur?

The term that describes an event triggering a process to occur is "event." In business analysis and process management, an event is typically an occurrence that initiates a specific response or action within a system. This can include anything from a change in data, a request from a user, or any significant action that prompts a defined process to begin.

Understanding events is crucial for business analysts as it helps in mapping out workflows and ensuring that processes align effectively with the triggers that initiate them. By clearly identifying events that lead to processes, organizations can improve efficiency and responsiveness in their operations. The concept of an event is foundational in various modeling techniques, including business process modeling and requirements gathering.

The other terms present in the options have distinct meanings within business analysis. An "activity" refers to a specific task performed as part of a process, an "incident" usually denotes an occurrence that disrupts normal operations, and an "outcome" is the result or end state achieved after a process has been completed. Thus, identifying an event as the trigger is essential in understanding the flow and impact of processes within an organization.